Lesson: Bias and Crime in Media
In this lesson, students are introduced to the key media literacy concept that media are constructions that re-present reality and consider how representations of crime in news and entertainment media may influence how we perceive members of particular groups.
The concept that media communicate values and messages and have social implications is introduced and students discuss how stereotypes of particular groups are formed. Finally, students read a number of articles on the question of whether and when a person’s religion should be mentioned in a news article and create a public service announcement communication their opinion.
Grade range: 9
Time Frame
| One or two class periods (75-150 minutes) | |||
| Activities | Introduction
Media are Constructions Evaluation Task and Rubric |
Preparation:
- Ensure that you are able to show the embedded Policeman PSA video onto a digital projector or interactive whiteboard, or that students are able to access the link. Select this link to access a video description for people who are blind or low-vision.
- Ensure that you and the students are able to access the document What should be the media policy about identifying a person’s faith in their reporting? You may wish to familiarize yourself with the articles before the activity. They are available to students in the student textbook linked above.
A printable version of this lesson is available on the MediaSmarts website.
Learning Outcomes
Big ideas/key concepts: Students will understand that…
Media are constructions:
- Media works were made by people who made choices that affect the final work
Media have social and political implications:
- The choices that people make in producing media impact the way in which their audiences view others and the world
Key questions:
- What consequences exist in identifying a person’s diverse identity (faith, race, ability, sexual orientation, Aboriginal status, etc.) in news media?
- What key principles are most important in deciding whether or not to state or imply a person’s diverse identity in news media?
Essential knowledge: Students will know…
- Reading media: When it is relevant to include a person’s diverse identity in a news story
- Media representation: How media representation shapes perceptions and stereotypes about certain individuals in society
- Key vocabulary: bias, stereotype
Performance tasks: Students will be able to…
- Locate news stories from a variety of sources (print, broadcast, and online)
- Recognize and analyze the relevant and unnecessary identification of diversity
- Compare the inclusion or exclusion diversity to the writing technique, tone and overall effect of the story on the reader
- Judge the impact of diversity identification in crime news stories
- Develop an ethical guideline for crime journalists when it comes to identifying diverse identities
Student-friendly outcomes:
- We will learn when it is relevant to include a person’s diverse identity in news stories, how media representation shapes perceptions and stereotypes, and important terms like “bias” and “stereotype.”
- We will think about the consequences of identifying someone’s diverse identity in the news and what principles should guide these decisions.
- We will analyze news stories for how diversity is identified, compare the effects of including or excluding this information, judge its impact in crime reporting, and create ethical guidelines for journalists.
Curriculum Connections
Strand A: Literacy Connections and Applications
A1. Transferable Skills
A1.1 Receptive and Expressive Communication
analyze and explain how transferable skills can be used to support communication in various cultural, social, linguistic, and domain-specific contexts, and apply them when reading, listening to, viewing, and creating texts of various forms
A2. Digital Media Literacy
A2.4 Forms, Conventions, and Techniques
evaluate the use of the various forms, conventions, and techniques of digital and media texts, consider the impact on the audience, and apply this understanding when analyzing and creating texts
A2.5 Media, Audience and Production
demonstrate an understanding of the interrelationships between the form, message, and context of texts, the intended and unintended audience, and the purpose for production
A2.7 Community and Cultural Awareness
communicate and collaborate with various communities in a safe, respectful, responsible, and inclusive manner when using online platforms and environments, including digital and media tools, and demonstrate and model cultural awareness with members of the community
Strand C: Comprehension (Understanding and Responding to Texts)
C1. Knowledge about Texts
C1.2 Text Forms and Genres
analyze and compare the characteristics of various text forms and genres, including cultural text forms, and provide evidence to explain how they help communicate meaning
C1.3 Text Patterns and Features
compare the text patterns, such as compare and contrast in an expository essay, and text features, such as footnotes and copyright information, associated with different text forms, including cultural texts, and evaluate their importance in helping readers, listeners, and viewers understand the meaning
C1.6 Point of View
analyze the narrator’s point of view, including limited, omniscient, or unreliable, in a variety of texts, explain how it is communicated, and suggest alternative points of view, giving reasons
C2. Comprehension Strategies
C2.4 Monitoring of Understanding: Ongoing Comprehension Check
select suitable strategies, such as rereading, using the glossary, asking questions, and consulting references and other resources, to monitor and confirm their understanding of complex texts and solve comprehension problems
C2.5 Monitoring of Understanding: Making Connections
connect, compare, and contrast the ideas expressed in texts and their knowledges and lived experiences, the ideas in other texts, and the world around them
C2.6 Summarizing: Identifying Relevant information and Drawing Conclusions
summarize and synthesize the important ideas and supporting details in complex texts, and draw effective conclusions
C3. Critical Thinking in Literacy
C3.2 Making Inferences
make local and global inferences, using explicit and implicit evidence, to explain and support their interpretations about various complex texts
C3.3 Analyzing Texts
analyze complex texts, including literary and informational texts, by assessing the credibility, reliability, and significance of information and formulating conclusions
C3.4 Analyzing Cultural Elements of Texts
analyze cultural elements that are represented in various texts, including, norms, values, social hierarchy, pastimes, language, and taboos, by investigating the meanings of these elements, making connections to their lived experience and culture, and considering how the inclusion of these elements contributes to the meaning of the text
C3.5 Perspectives within Texts
analyze explicit and implicit perspectives communicated in various texts, evaluate any evidence that could show bias in these perspectives, and suggest ways to avoid any such bias
C3.6 Analysis and Response
explain how various topics, such as diversity, inclusion, and accessibility, are addressed in texts, respond to the insights and messages conveyed, and different positions presented
Strand D: Comprehension (Understanding and Responding to Texts)
D1. Developing Ideas and Organizing Content
D1.2 Developing Ideas
generate and develop ideas and details about complex topics, such as topics related to diversity, equity, and inclusion and to other subject areas, using a variety of strategies, and drawing on various resources, including their own lived experiences
D1.3 Research
gather and synthesize information and content relevant to a topic, using a variety of textual sources and appropriate strategies; evaluate the currency, quality, bias, and accuracy of information; verify the reliability of sources; and check copyright and cite the sources for all content created by others
D2. Creating Texts
D2.1 Producing Drafts
draft complex texts of various forms and genres, including narrative, persuasive, expository, and informational texts, citing sources, and use a variety of appropriate media, tools, and strategies to transform information and communicate ideas
D2.4 Point of View and Perspective
explain the explicit and implicit points of view, perspectives, and bias conveyed in their texts, evaluate how various audiences might respond, and suggest ways to acknowledge other perspectives
An opinion, preference, prejudice, or inclination that limits an individual’s or group’s ability to make fair, objective, or accurate judgements. Bias may occur in any text.
Stereotyping means portraying members of a particular group in just one or a small number of roles, treating all members of a group as being the same, or emphasizing the ways in which a group is different from the (presumed) audience